FAQ’s: Glass Bottom Cultureware and 三维组织模型

Q1:玻璃底盘通常是如何使用的?
365体育网投的玻璃底盘可以不涂或涂有聚d-赖氨酸或胶原蛋白. All dishes are gamma irradiated to insure sterility.

使用它们的一般程序如下.

  1. 保持不育: 在无菌的环境中打开盘子(例如.g. 层流罩).
  2. Pre-equilibrate菜: 用培养基孵育培养皿. 将2-3毫升的培养基移液管移入35毫米的培养皿中,或将3-4毫升的培养基移液管移入50毫米的培养皿中,在37°C孵育15分钟.
  3. 微孔加入细胞悬液: Remove the culture medium by aspiration and plate cells onto the glass surface. 将250µl的细胞悬浮液(细胞悬浮于培养基中)移至10 mm直径的微孔中, 500 µl of cell suspension into the 14-mm microwells, or 1 ml of cell suspension into the 20-mm wells. 37°C孵育1小时.
  4. 添加额外的媒介: After 1 hour, gently fill the remainder of the dish with medium. Add 2-3 ml to the 35 mm dishes or 3-4 ml for the 50 mm dishes.

Note: After the initial one hour period to allow cells to attach to the glass surface, 为了尽量减少蒸发的影响和避免诱导渗透压的变化,将培养皿填满到正常水平是很重要的.

Q2: What type of glass bottom dish should I use to grow my cells?
It is hard to predict which type of glass bottom dishes (uncoated, poly-d-lysine涂层, or collagen coated) will work best with your specific cell type. Many transformed or cancerous cell lines will grow on uncoated dishes. Poly-lysine coated dishes work well for neuronal culture and for many primary cells; other cells prefer a collagen coating. 此外,许多研究人员购买我们的无涂层盘子和应用他们自己的专门涂层. 您也可以谷歌搜索发表的方法,利用玻璃底盘子和你的细胞.

Note: For almost all microscopy applications, the No. 1.覆盖层厚度优先.

Q3: How can I search for published methods utilizing 365体育网投's glass bottom dishes?
我们已经收集和编目了数百篇技术论文,引用365体育网投玻璃底培养皿的使用. You can search our database of cataloged publications on our website. 注:如果文献中没有具体说明玻璃底盘的零件号, it is safe to assume that uncoated dishes were used (e.g. # ' s: P35G-1一部分.5-14-C, P50G-1.5-30-F等.)
问题4:如果我的细胞不能生长,或者我想在玻璃底培养皿中促进细胞生长,我应该怎么做?
虽然我们的聚d-赖氨酸或胶原蛋白涂层对绝大多数细胞都有效, some customers find it necessary to coat the glass bottom dishes themselves. 他们购买没有涂层的盘子,并使用下列盐酸(HCl)预处理连同他们选择的涂层.

  1. 在无菌的条件下,将250µl的1 HCl N移液管移到没有涂覆的10毫米玻璃底盘上(例如,将250µl的1 HCl N移液管移到10毫米玻璃底盘上).g. Part #’s: P35G-x-10-C or P50G-x-10-F); use 500 µl or 1 ml of 1 N HCl for the 14-mm and 20-mm glass bottom culture dish, 分别(e.g. P35G-x-14-C或P35G-x-20-C); .
  2. 15分钟后, 倒入HCl,用3倍磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)和2倍超纯水冲洗培养皿.
  3.  把涂料涂在盘子上.
  4. 添加类似体积的介质,你将镀膜细胞,以预先平衡玻璃表面. Incubate the medium in glass bottom dishes for 15 min at 37°C. 取出培养基,然后将细胞置于平板上.

To try a sample of non-coated glass bottom dishes, go to our free sample page.

Q5: Can the coverslip be removed from the glass bottom dish?
Yes, 但对于大多数应用来说, 在玻璃底培养皿中生长的细胞可以使用各种倒置和直立显微镜在不移除盖玻片的情况下观察.

如果有必要(e.g. 为了长期存储的目的),覆盖层可以使用以下步骤移除:

  1. 订单部分# PDCF OS 30 (Fluid for removal of coverslips from glass bottom dishes)
  2. 把盘子的盖子倒过来.
  3. Pipette 1.0毫升液体进入倒盖.
  4. 把盘子的底部放在盖子上. 确保倒盖内的液体接触盖的底部.
  5. Allow the dish to sit in the fluid for 45 minutes at room temperature.
  6. Dry the bottom of the coverslip with an absorbent paper towel.
  7. 把盘子放在干净的表面上. 用镊子按压盖片的内缘,使盖片与盘片分离.

注:如果按照上述步骤进行, PDCF OS 30液不会接触细胞,也不会破坏覆盖层上的细胞或其染色. 护套可以取下而不会破损.

Q6:我如何控制原位(现场)显微镜的玻璃底部盘子的温度?

In order to approximate physiological conditions, 玻璃底培养皿中所含介质的温度可以通过使用显微镜级加热器和适当的级适配器来控制.

用于P35G餐具(康宁35mm餐具):培养皿加热器(第#:DH-35部分), microscope stage adapters (part#: SA-microscope type), 加热器控制器(第#:TC324-B部分), and connector cable (part#: CC-28) are available from Warner Instrument Corporation. 有关资料可在网上查阅: http://www.warneronline.com/

Q7:Why would one want to use glass bottom dishes containing gridded coverslips? 网格的大小是多少? 如果我看不到网格怎么办?

The gridded coverslips allow one to refer to specific cells and follow them over time. 例如, 单个细胞可以显微注射, 回到孵卵器, 并且可以在多个时间点观察到,因为每个细胞都可以在培养皿中用一个唯一的字母数字坐标来识别. Glass bottom dishes containing gridded Bellco Glass coverslips are available. Standard gridded dishes are designated as # ' s: P35G-1一部分.5-14-CGRD和P50G-1.5-14-FGRD.

Grid size: 第P35G-1部分上的网格.5-14-CGRD和P50G-1.5-14-FGRD consists of 520 unique alphanumeric squares. 每平方米600微米x 600微米. 线条厚度为20微米.

网格的可视化: The grid should be readily observable using a 10X brightfield objective. 在你找到感兴趣的单元格之后, you can switch to a higher magnification or 荧光 objective. However, the grid will not be observable using higher power or 荧光 objectives.

我看不到网格 一个融合的单层细胞通常会掩盖网格,使其难以或不可能可视化. If your cells are confluent, you can utilize # P35G-1一部分.5-14-CGRD-D,它将网格放置在培养皿的外部,不受生长在盖上的细胞的影响. 用这道菜, 找到感兴趣的单元格,然后聚焦到覆盖层的底部以获得其坐标.

Correlative Light and Electron Microscopy (CLEM): The P35G-1.5-14-CGRD glass bottom dishes work nicely with CLEM; however, the P35G-1.5-14-CGRD-D不推荐用于CLEM,因为细胞和网格在不同的焦平面上.

Q8:How can I use the glass bottom dishes to look at tissue slices?
玻璃底的盘子 can also be used to image tissue slices. 切片粘在碟子上使用 康宁Cell-Tak. 一篇利用365体育网投的玻璃底碟对大脑切片进行共聚焦显微镜的研究论文已经发表.
Q9:玻璃底盘可以重复使用吗?
We do NOT 建议重复使用玻璃底盘. 培养细胞的基质的表面性质对细胞的结构和功能有深远的影响. 重复使用盘子将引入不受控制的变量到你的实验中,这可能会影响正在研究的现象.
365体育网投 glass bottom dishes are meant for single-use experiments.

显微镜的类型和技术

Q10: Are the glass bottom dishes good for confocal and 荧光 microscopy?
Yes. 玻璃底的盘子 are excellent for both confocal and fluorescent microscopy. 玻璃的重要性能有:

  1. 波长超过320 nm的入射紫外线不会引起荧光.
  2. Mercury lines at 334 and 365 nm do not create auto-荧光. (注:在使用水银照明时,请过滤掉波长小于313nm的水银线 为了获得最好的可能结果.)
  3. 折射率(@ 20°C): nd= 1.5230公差±0.0015
  4. 阿贝数V = 55.
如何使用诺玛斯基差示干涉对比度(DIC)显微镜的玻璃底盘?
你需要点餐 BOTH 一种玻璃底盘和一种玻璃盖. 点任何P35G的菜.g. # ' s: P35G-1一部分.5-14-C或P35G-1.5-20-C) along with a glass cover (Part #: P35GTOP-0-20-C). 玻璃底部和玻璃盖都是必要的,这样整个光路只能通过高光学质量的玻璃. 玻璃盖在70%乙醇中浸泡30分钟后可以重复使用. The covers CANNOT 是热压处理过的.
Q12: Can the dishes be used for high-resolution techniques such as GSDIM, dSTORM, PALM , 或TIRF显微镜?
Yes. 对于GSDIM等高分辨率技术, dSTORM, PALM, TIRF, and for any objective with a numerical aperture > 0.7, tight control of the coverslip thickness is crucial. 因此,使用第# P35G-0部分.170-14-C dish which utilizes a high tolerance No. 1.5盖玻片(0.170 ± 0.005毫米)是必要的.
Q13:为什么50毫米玻璃底的盘子用于显微注射和保持盘子中恒定的气氛?
The 50 mm glass bottom dishes (part #’s beginning with P50G-) are useful for:
显微镜下注射: 较大的直径(50毫米)和下侧壁(9毫米)允许更容易进入细胞在显微注射实验.
气氛维护: 50毫米的盘子有一个盖子,卡在盘子底部,从而防止5%的CO2大气的损失,而盘子是在孵化器之外. 这对于要长时间观察盘子的实验来说是很重要的.
Q14:How can I perfuse the cells growing in the glass bottom dishes?
自动化科学 and 华纳仪器公司., 制作灌注适配器,与365体育网投的35mm系列玻璃底盘兼容(第#:P35G-xx-xx-C部分).

盘属性

Q15:我应该使用什么厚度的保护层? What do the various coverslip numbers correspond to?
几乎所有的目标都是为“不”而优化的. 1.5盖玻片厚度. 使用号码. 1.5 thickness gets increasingly important for higher numerical aperture coverslips (NA > 0.7). 使用其他覆盖厚度会导致光学畸变和分辨率损失. Therefore, for the vast majority of microscopy applications, the No. 1.5 .覆盖层厚度最佳(e.g. 玻璃底盘第#s部分:P35G-1.5-xx-C, P50G-1.5-xx-F, P60G-1.5-xx-F等.).

For super-high resolution microscopy techniques, we offer high tolerance No. 1.5个覆盖在第#s部分中指定为-0.170 (e.g. 玻璃底盘第#:P35G-0.170-14-C).

The actual thickness of the glass coverslips depends on the 盖玻片不./Part #,如下:

盖玻片不./Part#厚度(毫米)
00.085-0.13
1.00.13-0.16
1.50.16-0.19
2.00.19-0.23
0.170*0.165-0.175

 

*Refers to 365体育网投 designation in glass bottom dish Part #’s: P35G-0.170-14-C.

Q16: What is the adhesive used to attach the coverslips to the petri dishes?
Although the specific identity of the adhesive is proprietary, 使用的粘合剂是一种无毒的硅树脂,已被证明可以与多种细胞兼容,包括原代神经元和许多其他难以培养的细胞, 挑剔的细胞.
Q17:盘子可以存放多长时间?
镀膜玻璃底碟在室温下可在黑暗中保存长达1年. 无涂层的培养皿可以储存长达5年,没有任何下降的细胞生长特性.
Q18: Over what temperature range can the glass bottom dishes be used?
玻璃底的盘子 can be used over the temperature range -20°C to +45°C. The dishes will become disfigured at 55°C (131°F) and above. 玻璃底的盘子 CANNOT 是热压处理过的.
Q19: What are properties of the glass used in the glass bottom dishes?

365体育网投采用最高质量的硼硅酸盐德国玻璃覆盖在其玻璃底盘. 覆盖特性如下:

  1. Highest hydrolytic resistance (hydrolytic class 1).
  2. 优异的耐化学品性能.
  3. Emission of alkali approximately 15 to 24 µg Na2O/g glass.
  4. Excellent properties for fluorescent microscopy.
  5. 波长超过320 nm的入射紫外线不会引起荧光.
  6. Mercury lines at 334 and 365 nm do not create auto-荧光.(注:在使用水银照明时,请过滤掉波长小于313nm的水银线
    为了获得最好的可能结果.)
  7. 折射率(@ 20°C): nD ** = 1.5230公差±0.0015.
  8. 阿贝数V = 55.
Q20: How deep is the micro-well of the glass bottom dish?

玻璃底盘微孔的深度取决于盘的类型和盘底的厚度,具体如下:

  1. 康宁35毫米:0.70-0.75 mm
  2. 猎鹰50毫米:1.00-1.10 mm
  3. 猎鹰60毫米:1.15-1.20 mm
  4. 猎鹰100毫米:0.90-1.00 mm*
  5. 猎鹰6孔板:1.45-1.55 mm
  6. 猎鹰12孔板:1.45-1.55 mm
  7. 猎鹰24孔板:1.10-1.20 mm
  8. 猎鹰96孔板:1.05-1.25 mm
Q21: What is the chemical compatibility of 玻璃底菜 and 多井盘子? 它们能和有机溶剂一起使用吗?

The body of the glass bottom dishes and multi-well plates is made from polystyrene. Therefore, they have limited compatibility with organic solvents. 请参阅化学配伍表.

Solvent化学兼容性
AcetonePoor
氢氧化铵(1 n)Fair
氢氧化铵(25%)Fair
AnilineGood
ButanolGood
ChloroformPoor
二甲基甲酰胺Poor
二甲亚砜(DMSO)Poor
DMSO/H2O (20/80)Good
DioxanePoor
EthanolGood
HexanePoor
盐酸(25%)Good
盐酸(集中)Fair
MethanolGood
甲乙二酮Poor
二氯甲烷Poor
硝酸(25%)Poor
硝酸(集中)Poor
氢氧化钠Good
ToluenePoor
XylenePoor
Q22: How do I know that the glass bottom dishes are sterile?
All glass bottom dishes are gamma irradiated at an FDA approved and certified vendor. We sterilize our dishes in bulk and typically >2000 separate cases are sterilized at the same time. Since sterility is an absolute requirement for all of our customers, the gamma dose that we use is excessive in order to ensure sterility. 灭菌后, 培养皿进行质量控制分析,以验证无菌性:在无抗生素和抗真菌的培养基中培养7天. 此外,每个盒子都有一个伽马射线照射指示器,当暴露于伽马射线时,指示器会变成红色.
Q23:高公差P35G-0如何.170-14-C dishes differ from the standard P35G-1.5-14-C? P35G-0用于什么用途.170-14摄氏度的盘子是有用的?
The P35G-0.170-14-C盘采用高公差. 1.5 thickness coverslips (coverslip thickness = 0.170 +/- 0.005毫米)与标准P35G-1.5-14-C盘(盖盖厚度= 0.175 +/ 0.015 mm).

The P35G-0.170-14-C dishes will improve picture quality (see Figure below) versus the P35G-1.5-14-C dishes for any high numerical aperture objective used in confocal, 荧光, GSDIM, dSTORM, PALM全内反射, 和其他高数值孔径物镜. 例如, quantitative measurements using P35G-0.170-14-C盘的z分辨率为+/- 9.P35G-1的z-分辨率为5%.5-14-C盘的z分辨率为+/- 17.3% (n=5).

A fig-1
B fig-b

图:改进的z轴分辨率 Effect of high tolerance glass coverslips (in P35G-0.170-14-C glass bottom dishes) on imaging of sub-resolution beads using:
A) P35G-0.170 - 14 - c和 B) P35G-1.5-14℃玻璃底盘.
将5µl FITC标记的175nm PS-Speck亚分辨率珠加入到玻璃底盘的孔中并晾干. 干燥后, 加入200ul的水,使用配备奥林巴斯UPLSAPO 60x的蔡斯LSM510共焦显微镜成像(NA=1.2)水浸物镜.

Figures and measurements courtesy of Teemu Ihalainen, Ph. D., Jyvaskyla大学,芬兰(2008).

Coatings

Q24:用于涂覆PDL玻璃底盘的聚d-赖氨酸的分子量范围是多少?
用于包覆P35GC-x-xx-C和P50GC-x-xx-F玻璃底碟的聚d-赖氨酸分子量为70,000-150,000道尔顿.
Q25: Why are the dishes coated with poly-d-lysine (instead of poly-l-lysine)?
Both untreated glass and cells are negatively charged. Poly-lysine is applied to the glass surface to make it positively charged, 从而增加玻璃表面和电池之间的静电吸引力,从而改善电池的附着. 聚d-赖氨酸更受青睐,因为d-对映体比自然产生的l-对映体更不易蛋白酶介导的分解. Otherwise, Poly-d-Lysine and Poly-l-Lysine are equivalent.
什么类型的胶原蛋白适用于胶原蛋白涂层的玻璃底盘(部分#:p35gcolx -xx- c或p50gcolx -xx- f)?
用于覆盖P35GCol-x-xx-C或P50GCol-x-xx-F玻璃底盘的胶原蛋白是1型鼠尾胶原蛋白.
聚赖氨酸或胶原蛋白涂层会影响玻璃底碟的光学性能吗?
涂层为单层涂层,不影响玻璃底碟的光学性能.

特殊的订单

Q28:除了标准的10毫米, 14 mm, 和20毫米直径的玻璃表面, do the glass bottom dishes come with any alternative diameters?
Glass bottom dishes with 7-mm diameter glass surfaces are standard products (e.g. # P35G-1一部分.5-7-C或P35G-0-7-C). 此外,50毫米,60毫米和100毫米的盘子配备30毫米直径的玻璃表面(e.g. # P50G-1一部分.5-30-F, P60G-1.50-30-F, P100G-1.5-30-F) and are standard products; these dishes maximize the surface area for cell growth. 当非常昂贵的试剂需要保存时,盘子的直径为5毫米的玻璃表面(e.g. #部分:P35G-1.5-5-C) are also available on a special order basis.
Q29: What is the lead-time necessary for special orders? 有特殊的订购费吗? 特殊订单的物品可以退回吗?
Lead-time: 特殊订单通常可以在收到订单后的2-3周内生产出来. However, bulk sterilization of the glass bottom dishes occurs only once every 6 weeks. 因此,灭菌、特殊订货产品的交货时间可以在3-8周之间变化.
注意:如果客户使用UV和/或70%的乙醇(例如.g. 在紫外线照射下,在组织培养罩中浸泡40分钟,70%乙醇浸泡30分钟.
特殊订单费用: For special orders of ≥ 3 cases, there is no special order charge. However, for special orders of < 3 cases, a special order charge is assessed per case.
退货政策: 特殊订单项目不能被退回.
Q30:与标准玻璃底培养皿相比,使用多孔玻璃底培养皿的优点是什么?
A: The main advantage of the multi-well glass bottom plates is that you can grow 6, 12, 24, 48 or 96 cultures under identical conditions in the same culture plate. 多孔板是高通量,高/高含量筛选应用的理想选择.
B:使用多孔板分析是流线型的,因为只需要处理一个(1)板(相对于多个培养皿).
C: For a number of applications, treatment of the cultures (e.g., irradiation) is simplified using the multi-well plates.
D:玻璃底多孔板上的小孔有利于小体积应用贵重试剂.
Q31: Do you offer multi-well glass bottom plates that are black?
Yes. In order to minimize back-scattered light and background 荧光, we offer 96-well glass bottom plates (part # PBK96G-1.5-5-F)是黑色的. 所有性质的PBK96G-1.5-5-F板是相同的标准,透明墙96孔玻璃底板(部分#:P96G-1.5-5.F) except the sidewalls of each well in the PBK96G-1.5-5-F板不透明(黑色). 注:在较大的6井中,背散射光和背景荧光不是问题, 12-well, 24-well, 48孔玻璃底板.

365体育网投细胞室培养玻片

Q32: What are the dimensions of the wells of the 365体育网投细胞室培养玻片? 我应该用多少培养基每孔?
Product井的尺寸(cm)增长领域(cm2)中体积/孔(mL)
CCS-22.17 x 2.094.551.2 – 2.5
CCS-42.15 x 0.992.130.5 – 1.3
CCS-81.00 x 0.980.980.2 – 0.6
Q33:我可以用倒置显微镜观察365体育网投室状细胞培养载玻片(CCS)中培养的细胞吗??
Yes, cells grown on the CCS can be observed using an inverted scope. 染色你的细胞 拆下塑料上腔. Use mounting medium and coverslip the samples on the slide. 365体育网投涵盖,第#:PCS-1.5-5024 (No. 1.5厚度50毫米x 24毫米),特别设计用于覆盖在CCS上培养的样品.
Q34:作为365体育网投室状细胞培养载玻片基础的显微镜载玻片的尺寸是多少?
The dimensions of microscope slide are: Length: 75.0毫米,宽度:25.“0 mm”,“高度”:1.0 mm.
在我移除上腔后,将有任何东西留在显微镜载玻片上?
There is a silicone gasket beneath the upper chamber and the microscope slide. The gasket typically releases from the slide when the chamber is removed. However, 如果垫圈留在显微镜载玻片上, it can easily be peeled off the microscope slide using fine point forceps.
Q36: What should I do if I need more than 8 wells?
Although we do not produce Cell Culture Slides with more than 8 wells 365体育网投玻璃底板 are available with 12, 24, 48, 96, and 384 wells.
在我移除上腔后,显微镜载玻片上会残留任何东西?
No. CCS没有涂层,但使用的高纯度苏打石灰玻璃将支持多种细胞类型的生长. For cells that are more fastidious, an ECM coating can be added by the end user. Sterile ECM coatings should be applied fresh for optimal cell attachment and growth. After applying the ECM coating under sterile conditions, 用磷酸盐缓冲盐水冲洗2X,用待细胞生长的培养基冲洗1X, 在播种你的细胞之前. 不让ECM涂层变干.

三维组织模型

Q1: 365体育网投公司经营多久了?
365体育网投 Corporation was founded in 1985 by two MIT chemical engineering professors. In 1991, 该公司将其核心的聚合物表面改性技术应用于新兴的组织工程市场. In 1993, EpiDerm, 365体育网投’s first in vitro human tissue equivalent, was introduced and has been in continuous production from 1993 to the present.
365体育网投的主要产品线是什么?

365体育网投 produces a variety of normal (non-transformed), 人类的细胞来源, 三维, 器官型体外组织等价物. 这个网站,365体育网投.Com致力于提供我们的体外人体组织等效物的详细信息. 它们具有有丝分裂和代谢活性, 非常接近于它们体内的同类, 无论是结构上还是生物化学上, 这样做可以保证重现性.

365体育网投 also produces a line of Glass Bottom Culture Dishes. 这些盘子用于共焦, 偏振光, 以及荧光显微镜技术, and are ideal for live cell microscopy applications.

Q3: How many different types of in vitro human tissue equivalents does 365体育网投 produce?
365体育网投 produces 9 in vitro human tissue equivalents, 所有这些都来自于人类上皮细胞(详细信息请点击组织名称):

  • EpiDerm, 我们人类的表皮组织, 由正常的, 人细胞来源的表皮角化细胞,已培养形成多层, highly differentiated model of the human epidermis. EpiDerm, also known generically as Reconstructed Human EpiDermis (RhE), has been in continuous production for over 15 years. There is also an “under-developed” version, EpiDerm-201
  • EpiDermFT (表皮全厚度), a dermal / epidermal human skin equivalent with a well-defined, 全功能基膜.
  • MelanoDerm 人类皮肤是否由角质形成细胞和黑色素细胞组成,并经过培养形成多层结构, highly differentiated model of the human epidermis.
  • Melanoma is a full thickness melanoma skin model composed of human malignant melanoma cells, normal, human-derived epidermal keratinocytes and normal, human-derived dermal fibroblasts that have been cultured to form a multilayered, highly differentiated epidermis with melanoma cells at various stages of CM malignancy.
  • EpiOcular, 我们的角膜模型, 由正常的, 人细胞衍生的表皮角化细胞,已被培养形成分层, squamous epithelium similar to that found in the cornea.
  • EpiAirway 由正常的, 人细胞来源的气管/支气管上皮细胞,已被培养形成伪分层, 高度分化的模型,类似于呼吸道的上皮组织.
  • EpiVaginal, derived from human ectocervico-vaginal (ECV) epithelial cells.
  • EpiOral相当于人类的颊部(内侧脸颊),
  • EpiGingival相当于人类的牙龈组织.
Q4: What are the typical configurations for these tissues?
典型的配置包括:

Tissues are also available in 24-well and 96-well high thru-put plates. Special configurations are also available for specific tissue types (ex. epi气道组织制作在“snapwell”培养插入使用扩散室).

Q5: Does 365体育网投 produce any other in vitro products?
Yes, 365体育网投 also produces Human Dendritic (Langerhans) Cells. 365体育网投公司开发了一种从脐带血中提取的CD34+祖细胞(造血干细胞)生成人类树突状细胞的新方法. 应用包括过敏性, 抗原结合和呈递, 病毒感染, 免疫治疗和转染研究.
Q6:任何体外人体组织等值物也含有树突/朗格汉斯细胞吗?
Yes. 外阴用朗格汉斯细胞 (“VLC”产品)是一个已发布的产品. 365体育网投的其他几种包含树突状细胞的体外人体组织等量物正处于“β”阶段. Please 接触365体育网投 for more detailed information.
Q7: What are some typical applications for 365体育网投's in vitro human tissue equivalents?

每种模型都有许多应用. 例如,我们的 EpiDerm 体外皮肤等效物用于确定和/或研究以下情况:真皮腐蚀, 皮肤刺激(皮肤毒性), 皮肤光毒性, 经皮吸收(药物渗透性, 经皮肤给药), 炎症, 基因分析, 抗氧化剂, metabolism, apoptosis, 抗菌肽, 和血管生成.

一个非常有用的方法来确定365体育网投体外产品是否被用于类似于您的365在线网投是搜索我们的列表 技术的引用.

药理学/毒理学我们的体外人体组织等效物的临床前应用包括透皮, transbuccal, transmucosal drug delivery; biocompatibility, toxicity studies; HIV, microbicide research; bioequivalence studies; lead optimization, etc.

365体育网投公司在体外人体组织等效物的制药/毒理应用的一个例子如下:经过基于生物化学(酶)的初次筛选和基于细胞的二次筛选后,一个新的药物库已经处理, but PRIOR to performing pre-clinical animal studies, 其余候选药物通过第三次体外人体组织筛选,以确定最佳的渗透性和/或最小的毒性特征. 那些通过三级筛选的候选药物会进入动物研究, 但这项研究现在需要更少的动物, 因此,可以作为一个小型的验证性研究,以满足FDA(或其他监管机构)的要求. Also, 通过在开始人体临床研究之前进行以人体组织为基础的三级研究, 基于动物研究结果的跨物种外推误差的可能性也大大降低.

Prior to purchasing our in vitro human tissue equivalents, 你可以购买纯化的总RNA(对照和处理)和/或蛋白裂解液(对照),以确定特定基因的表达水平或特定蛋白的存在/不存在。.

Q8: What do these in vitro human tissue equivalents cost?
365体育网投’s in vitro human tissue equivalents are very reasonably priced, especially considering the costly materials used to produce these tissues, 以及培育特定组织所需的时间(2-3周)和劳力(每批都需要大量的技术人员“接触”). 这些组织的成本大大低于最终用户试图从最初收获种子细胞复制生产这些组织等量物的成本. 印刷的价目表可根据要求从mattek -收到一个,只需完成我们的在线 信息申请表.
Q9: Can any of the in vitro tissues be used on humans?
No, none of 365体育网投’s in vitro human tissue equivalents are approved for human use.
Q10: Do you have dealers or distributors for your in vitro products?
除了一个例外(日本),365体育网投没有其体外产品的经销商或分销商. The nature of the product is such that it is best if end-users 直接和365体育网投打交道.
Q11:我从未使用过你们的体外人体组织等量物——365体育网投是否提供免费样品进行测试?
Typically, because of the nature of the production process, 365体育网投 does not provide free samples of our in vitro human tissue equivalents. 365体育网投 will provide proof of concept to qualified potential Customers. Please 接触365体育网投 有关详细信息,.
Q12: How are the in vitro human tissue equivalents shipped?
Tissues are typically shipped at 4°C on medium-supplemented agarose gel.
发货日期:每周一.
Shipment Delivery: Tuesday morning via FedEx priority service (US). Outside US: Tuesday-Thursday depending on location.
Q13: Do you ship in vitro tissues outside the USA? Are there any special regulations or paperwork that needs to be filled out?
Yes, 365体育网投 has many international Customers, particularly in the European Union. Each country has a unique set of shipping requirements. Please 接触365体育网投 for more information about shipping requirements for a particular country.
Q14:我们有产品需要测试, but don't have the on-site expertise to perform these tests? 365体育网投会帮我们做测试吗?
365体育网投 can do a proof of concept for your organization–please 接触365体育网投 有关详细信息,. Once we have a conversation about your intended application, 我们还可以向您发送365体育网投批准的合同检测实验室列表,这些实验室可以使用365体育网投进行体外人体组织等价物的分析.
Q15:在使用365体育网投体外人体组织等效物时,我是否可以遵循详细的协议?
Yes, 365体育网投有详细的协议,为我们的每一个体外人体组织等效物的所有主要应用. Please 接触365体育网投 根据您的具体申请,我们将提供适当的方案供您审阅.
Q16:当下列术语适用于365体育网投的体外人体组织等量物时,它们的意义是什么?
正常细胞: 非转换细胞. 365体育网投不使用永生细胞系. 通过定义, 一个不朽的细胞系被转化了, 因此拥有的特性在真正的体外人体组织中是不可取的.
人类细胞来源: All 365体育网投 tissue equivalents are derived from human cells. 这一过程消除了所有使用非人类细胞进行的工作所伴随的跨物种外推问题.
Organotypic: 365体育网投’s production process produces differentiated, 多层, 3-D human tissue equivalents that closely resemble those found in vivo. 365体育网投在组织工程方面的进展,使得利用体外人体组织等效物来探索许多以前只能在体内进行的科学问题成为可能.
Q17: 365体育网投在体外人体组织等效物中最重要的单一特征是什么?
再现性. 对于体外人体组织等效物的成功使用,没有其他特征比可重复性更重要. Why? 没有证明重复性良好, 组织不能在设计为长时间运行的365在线网投中使用这种技术. 例如, 如果您的组织计划使用体外人体组织等效物来建立有关其产品配方的皮肤刺激信息数据库, 这个数据库只有在使用高度可重复性的体外人体组织等量物的分析数据的基础上,才能在许多年内保持有用.

因为这个原因, 365体育网投已经花费了许多年的时间来开发可再生的体外人体组织等效物. 例如,365体育网投拥有超过15年的人类表皮当量的可重复性数据.

重复性对于成功使用体外人体组织等值物非常重要,365体育网投保证了其所有体外组织的重现性.

Q18: What is the best way to get specific information about my in vitro application?
完成365体育网投信息申请表格 包括您的详细申请信息. 我们将审查您的申请信息,并为该申请推荐合适的体外人体组织等效物和方案. 你越详细地描述你打算如何在你的工作中使用我们的产品, the more specific we can be in our to response to your inquiry.
Q19: What are all of these TR's referenced on your Web site?
“TR”表示365体育网投技术参考. 技术参考资料是365体育网投和/或使用365体育网投体外产品的组织的科学人员在主要技术会议和会议上展示的技术海报/文件.

There is a searchable database of TR citations/summaries on the 365体育网投 Web site. 现在有超过700个TR(并且还在增长中)!)列于资料库内. Click here ,进入365体育网投 TR页面.

Q20:查看365体育网投是否有与特定365在线网投相关的信息的最快方法是什么, Keyword, Individual, 或组织?
正如上面提到的, 在365体育网投网站上有一个可搜索的技术参考(TR)引文/摘要数据库. 数据库中有超过700个TR. Click on this link ,进入365体育网投 TR页面.
Q21: What are ICCVAM and ECVAM and why do I see them referenced on the 365体育网投 Web site?
ICCVAM(美国)和ECVAM(欧洲)是最直接负责引入和验证非动物替代毒理学试验方法的组织,以消除/减少这些研究中使用的动物数量.

From the ICCVAM网站: “替代方法验证机构间协调委员会(ICCVAM)于1997年由国家环境健康科学研究所(NIEHS)所长成立,以在公法中实施NIEHS指令(P.L.) 103-43. This law directed NIEHS to develop and validate new test methods, 并为毒理学检测方法的验证和监管验收建立标准和流程. P.L. 根据2000年ICCVAM授权法案第106-545号,ICCVAM成立了一个常设委员会. The Committee is composed of representatives from 15 Federal regulatory and research agencies; these agencies generate, use, or provide information from toxicity test methods for risk assessment purposes. The Committee coordinates cross-agency issues relating to development, validation, acceptance, and national/international harmonization of toxicological test methods.”

From the 备选方案的网站: “欧洲替代方法验证中心(ECVAM)是由委员会于1991年10月提交理事会和议会的一份来文设立的, 指出了第86/609/EEC号指令365体育网投保护用于实验和其他科学目的的动物的要求, 要求委员会和会员国积极支持发展, validation and acceptance of methods which could reduce, refine or replace the use of laboratory animals. ECVAM was established in 1992 as a unit of the Environment Institute, 是联合研究中心的一部分, 并被转移, 在那个时候, to the newly formed Institute for Health and Consumer Protection in Ispra, 意大利在1998年.”

Q22:什么是“经过验证的”体外方法? Do 365体育网投 in vitro human tissue equivalents have validated methods?
来自:验证的原则和程序,第2章(ATLA 30,补充1,13.19, 2002年):“一种替代方法的验证是为特定目的建立该方法的相关性和可靠性的过程. 在替换测试方法的上下文中, relevance refers to the scientific basis of the test system, and to the predictive capacity of an associated prediction model (PM), whereas reliability refers to the reproducibility of test results, 在实验室内部和实验室之间, 随着时间的推移.”

The entire validation process for an alternative method can take 8-10 years. 该过程的科学部分(正式的预验证和验证研究)通常需要4-6年.

365体育网投 has TWO alternative methods formally validated – EpiDerm for 皮肤过敏 测试和 皮肤腐蚀 testing. 其他几家公司已经完成了这一过程的主要部分——由高露洁-棕榄公司赞助的用于眼部刺激的EpiOcular测试(Draize兔眼测试的替代品), and EpiDerm for percutaneous absorption testing.

Q23: What is the MTT Assay and what is it used for?
MTT试验是一种非常精确的终点(方法),用于测量体外人体组织等效物的细胞活力. 该方法是一种比色法,通过活细胞的线粒体将四唑组分(MTT)还原为不溶性甲虫素产物. After incubation of the cells with the MTT reagent for several hours, a solution is added to lyse the cells and solubilize the colored crystals. Samples are read using an ELISA plate reader at a wavelength of 570 nm. The amount of color produced is directly proportional to the number of viable cells.
Q24:任何365体育网投的体外人体组织等效物都可以用于透皮给药研究吗?
Yes, 365体育网投公司的表皮细胞体外人体组织等效物已经成功地应用于几项此类研究. Click on the following link to review information related to this topic: 经皮肤给药
Q25任何365体育网投体外人体组织等效物是否可用于吸入/鼻给药研究?
是的,365体育网投 EpiAirway 气管/支气管体外人体组织等效物已成功用于几个鼻内和吸入给药研究. Click on the following links to review information related to 药物输送.
Q26: Where is the 'Glass Bottom Dish' Product Line information on the 365体育网投 Web site?
365体育网投的玻璃底培养皿是标准尺寸为35和50毫米的一次性塑料培养皿,底部为玻璃盖玻片, 为研究人员提供其体外培养的高分辨率显微图像. 这些碟通常用于共焦、偏振光和荧光成像技术. These dishes are also ideal for live cell microscopy.

365体育网投最近增加了玻璃底多孔板,其玻璃底碟产品提供.

Our dishes are known by many different names including glass bottom dishes, 玻璃底培养皿, 玻璃底培养皿, 玻璃底微孔皿, 玻璃底无菌培养皿, 成像盘和盖玻片底盘. 不管它们叫什么, our 35 mm and 50 mm Glass Bottom Culture Dishes, 现在是我们的玻璃底多孔板, have become the de facto standard for high resolution microscopic imaging of in vitro 细胞培养.

365体育网投 Glass Bottom Dish and Muti-well Plate part numbers include: P35G-0-10-C, P35GC-0-10-C, P35G-0-14-C, P35GC-0-14-C, P35G-0-20-C, P35GC-1.0-14-C, P35G-1.0-14-C, P35GC-1.5-10-C, P35G-1.5-10-C, P35GC-1.5-14-C, P35G-1.5-14-C、P35GCOL-0-14-C P35G-1.5-20-C, P35GCOL-1.0-14-C, P35G-1.5-14-CGRD, P35GCOL-1.5-14-c, p50g-0-14-f.5-14-F, P50GC-1.5-14-F, P50G-2-14-FGRD, P06G-0-20-F, P12G-0-14-F, P06G-1.0-20-F, P12G-1.0-14-F, P06G-1.5-20-F, P12G-1.5-14-F、P24G-0-13-F P96G-1.5-5-F, P24G-1.0-13-F, P24G-1.5-13-F, P96GC-1.5-5-F.

玻璃底菜 with gridded glass coverslips are also available. 部件编号包括P35G-1.5-14-CGRD, P50G-1.5-14-FGRD.

365体育网投细胞培养包套

365体育网投细胞培养盖玻片套件可随时使用-盖玻片放置在35毫米培养皿和预先消毒. Standard glass coverslip kits are available in the CSGK/F, CSGK/C和CSGK/N覆盖包配置. These kits, the CSGK/F in particular, are widely used in amniocentesis testing.